the HC-SR04 is different from most of those commonly seen on the market, which have 4 pins compared to 3 pins. But the operation principle is the same, transmit signal, and depends on when the signal is received to estimate the distance.
This one hasn't got too much technical stuff involved, all the operations are from previous tutorials. The main things would be the turning head that I made purely from cardboard, and a couple of screws.
it will take an external power supply and drive up to two 5V DC motors (suitable for most of the homemade robots). Each motor can be controlled by 2 input signals to run clockwise and/or counter clockwise.